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A factory worker performing welding duties

Different Types of Welding and How They’re Used

29 April 2025/0 Comments/in Uncategorised/by Bilal

Welding is one of the foundational processes in manufacturing and construction. Whether it’s the creation of skyscrapers, bridges, automobiles, pipelines, or even delicate medical devices, welding plays a crucial role in joining materials together. It involves melting the base materials, usually metals or thermoplastics, and often adding a filler material to form a strong joint once cooled.

Understanding the different types of welding processes is essential for selecting the right one based on the application, materials, strength requirements, cost, and precision needed. In this guide, we’ll explore the most common welding types, how they work, their pros and cons, and where they’re commonly used.

How Welding Works?

Welding works by applying heat, pressure, or both to fuse materials. The energy source can vary depending on the welding method. It might be an electric arc, gas flame, laser, electron beam, friction, or ultrasonic vibration. Here are the basic steps of most welding operations:

Preparation: The surfaces to be joined are cleaned and aligned.
Welding: Heat is applied to the materials using the selected welding method.
Filler Material (Optional): In many types of welding, a filler metal is added to strengthen the joint.
Cooling: The molten material cools down and solidifies, forming a strong bond.
Finishing: Excess weld material or slag is removed for a clean finish.

Each welding technique has different characteristics, advantages, limitations, and applications depending on the materials, thickness, position, and environment.

Different Types of Welding

Here are the common types of welding used in industrial processes throughout the world:

1. MIG Welding (Metal Inert Gas Welding)

MIG welding is one of the most commonly used and versatile welding processes in both industrial and personal projects. Developed in the 1940s for welding non-ferrous materials like aluminium and magnesium, it has since evolved into a staple for welding steel and other metals. It is a type of arc welding that feeds a continuous solid wire electrode through a welding gun into the weld pool, joining the base materials together.

At Kirmell, MIG welding is widely used in the fabrication of mild steel and aluminium welding components due to its high efficiency, clean welds, and suitability for large-scale production. Our engineers rely on this method for fabricating structural frames, machine parts, and sheet metal products where consistent weld quality and speed are critical.

Looking for clean, efficient welding on your next project? Get in touch with Kirmell or explore our MIG capabilities through our brochure.

How It Works:

The welding gun continuously feeds a consumable wire electrode and releases an inert gas (usually argon or a mix with CO₂) to shield the weld area. When the arc forms between the electrode and the workpiece, both the base material and the wire melt to form the weld.

Common Uses:

Automotive manufacturing and bodywork
Furniture and metal fabrication
Home DIY projects
Sheet metal welding

Advantages	Limitations
Easy to learn and operate	Less suitable for outdoor use (wind affects shielding gas)
High welding speed and productivity	Not ideal for thick materials
Produces clean welds with minimal slag	Requires clean surfaces for quality welds

2. TIG Welding (Tungsten Inert Gas Welding)

TIG welding is considered the most precise and aesthetically refined welding process available. Developed in the 1940s to meet the aerospace industry’s need for strong, high-integrity welds on thin materials like aluminium and magnesium, TIG is now used anywhere high-quality, detailed welds are essential. It uses a non-consumable tungsten electrode and a separate filler rod (if required), all shielded by an inert gas like argon.

How It Works:

An electric arc is created between a tungsten electrode and the base metal. An inert shielding gas (typically argon) protects the weld area. The welder may manually feed filler material when needed.

Common Uses:

Aerospace components
Automotive exhaust systems
Stainless steel welding and non-ferrous metals like aluminium and magnesium
Artistic metalwork and piping

Advantages	Limitations
Very clean and aesthetically pleasing welds	Slower process compared to MIG
Excellent for thin or delicate materials	Requires high skill and control
No spatter or slag	More expensive equipment setup

3. Stick Welding (SMAW – Shielded Metal Arc Welding)

Stick welding is one of the oldest and most widely practised welding techniques globally. Its simplicity and ruggedness make it a top choice for heavy-duty applications, especially in outdoor or harsh environments.

The welding equipment method used here consists of a consumable electrode coated in flux, which creates a gas shield and slag layer as it burns, protecting the molten weld from contamination.

SMAW is especially useful for welding thick materials like structural steel and is often used in shipbuilding, pipeline welding, and construction.

At Kirmell, we often utilise stick welding for structural steel projects, maintenance work, and on-site repairs where material conditions may not be ideal. This method allows our welders to work effectively even on rusty or painted surfaces, making it a reliable choice for fabricating heavy machinery frames and support beams.

Have a rugged job or on-site requirement? Get in touch with us and learn about durable solutions tailored to your industry.

How It Works:

An electric arc is formed between a flux-coated electrode (the “stick”) and the base material. The flux coating melts to create a protective gas shield and slag to cover the weld pool.

Common Uses:

Building construction
Shipbuilding
Pipeline welding
Heavy equipment repair

Advantages	Limitations
Inexpensive and portable equipment	Generates slag that must be cleaned
Effective in windy and outdoor conditions	Less precise than MIG or TIG
Works on dirty or rusted materials	Not ideal for thin metals

4. Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)

The Flux-Cored Arc Welding is a variation of MIG welding but is designed for tougher conditions and heavier materials. It was developed as an alternative to shielded metal arc welding and combines the benefits of both MIG and Stick welding. FCAW uses a tubular wire filled with flux instead of a solid wire, allowing it to be used with or without a shielding gas, depending on the application.

This process is particularly favoured in construction, shipbuilding, and heavy equipment manufacturing due to its high deposition rates and deep weld penetration. Its ability to operate effectively outdoors and in windy conditions makes it more versatile than traditional MIG, especially when building or repairing large metal structures.

How It Works:

The flux core inside the wire creates shielding gases and slag as it burns. It can be self-shielding (no gas needed) or dual-shielding (additional gas used).

Common Uses:

Heavy steel construction
Structural beams and bridges
Shipbuilding
Outdoor fabrication

Advantages:	Limitations
High deposition rate	More spatter and slag than MIG
Effective for thick materials	Heavier equipment
Performs well outdoors	Not suitable for thin materials

metal welding process

5. Laser Beam Welding (LBW)

Laser Beam Welding is a precise, high-energy fusion welding technique that uses a focused laser beam to melt and join metals. It is especially valuable in industries that demand fine detail, minimal heat distortion, and high automation potential. The process produces narrow, deep welds with a very small heat-affected zone (HAZ), making it ideal for applications requiring tight tolerances.

Originally developed for aerospace and defence, laser welding is now common in the automotive industry for joining body panels and in electronics for delicate assemblies.

To understand more about how laser technology is revolutionizing material processing, check out our guide on What is Laser Cutting in Manufacturing: A Beginner’s Guide.

How It Works:

The laser generates intense heat, melting the joint area. It can be automated and used in environments requiring tight tolerances and low distortion.

Common Uses:

Automotive and aerospace sectors
Electronic components
Medical devices
High-precision metal parts

Advantages:	Limitations
High-speed, accurate welding	Very expensive
Minimal heat-affected zone	Requires a clean work surface
Clean finish and low distortion	Not suited for thick materials

6. Ultrasonic Welding

Ultrasonic welding is a solid-state process that uses high-frequency mechanical vibrations under moderate pressure to join materials, typically plastics and thin metals. The friction generated at the interface causes localised melting or softening, forming a strong bond without requiring heat input from an external source.

This method is widely used in industries where cleanliness, speed, and precision are paramount. In electronics, ultrasonic welding is used for wiring and microcircuit assembly. In medical device manufacturing, it is used to assemble plastic components without contaminating the product.

How It Works:

The materials are held together under pressure while ultrasonic vibrations are applied, creating heat through friction at the joint interface.

Common Uses:

Medical and electronic components
Toy and packaging industries
Wire harness assembly
Small plastic parts

Advantages	Limitations
No need for solder or adhesives	Not suitable for large or thick parts
Fast and clean process	Limited to thermoplastics and thin metals
Precise and controlled	Requires specialised equipment

Conclusion

Welding is a foundational process in manufacturing, construction, and design. From the robust and rugged stick welding to the fine-tuned precision of TIG and laser welding, each type offers specific benefits based on the materials, project requirements, and working conditions.

Kirmell’s Welding & Manufacturing Services

As a trusted UK-based precision manufacturer, Kirmell provides high-quality welding and fabrication services to support a wide range of industrial needs. Our facility is equipped to handle both light and heavy-duty projects across sectors such as construction, infrastructure, and machinery.

Our Welding Capabilities Include:

MIG and Stick welding for mild steel, stainless steel, and aluminium
Custom fabrication of frames, enclosures, panels, and support structures
CNC machining and laser cutting for tight-tolerance components
ISO 9001:2015 certified processes to ensure quality and consistency

Kirmell offers not only technical expertise but also a strategic location in the UK, giving EU clients a cost-effective and low-tariff alternative to outsourcing in Asia or the U.S., especially relevant in today’s volatile trade environment.

Need a trusted welding and supply chain partner in the UK? Partner with Kirmell today to strengthen your operations.

FAQs

Which welding method is best for beginners?

MIG welding is generally considered the best option for beginners. It’s easy to learn, produces clean welds, and is ideal for light to medium metal fabrication like auto repairs, furniture, and DIY projects.

What is the safest welding process?

While all welding processes can be safe when proper precautions are taken, MIG welding is often considered one of the safest due to its ease of control and minimal open arc exposure. However, personal protective equipment (PPE) and good ventilation are essential for any welding type.

How hot is a welding arc?

A welding arc can reach temperatures between 6,000°C to 10,000°C (10,800°F to 18,000°F) depending on the method. This intense heat is what allows metals to melt and fuse together, so safety measures like arc shields and fire-resistant clothing are a must.

What types of welding services does Kirmell offer?

Kirmell offers MIG, TIG, and Stick welding as part of its full-service metal fabrication capabilities. These are suitable for steel, aluminium, and stainless steel projects ranging from structural frameworks to custom components.

How US Tariffs Are Reshaping the Future of UK Manufacturing?

25 April 2025/0 Comments/in Uncategorised/by Bilal

In a landmark move in April 2025, the U.S. government under President Donald Trump rolled out a sweeping new set of tariffs, collectively referred to as “Liberation Day Tariffs.” While they primarily targeted China, the ripple effects have cascaded across Europe, especially the United Kingdom. For UK manufacturers—already grappling with rising energy costs, post-Brexit trade complications, and supply chain bottlenecks—these tariffs have injected fresh uncertainty into an already delicate sector.

From steelworks in Scunthorpe to precision presswork firms in the Midlands, UK manufacturers are facing a historic reshuffling of export strategies and domestic capabilities. This article breaks down the U.S. tariffs, how they’re affecting various UK industries, especially heavy manufacturing, and how companies like Kirmell Ltd are stepping in to offer supply chain stability amid this turmoil.

What Are the US Tariffs?

On April 2, 2025, Donald Trump declared a national trade emergency, citing unfair foreign competition and trade deficits. Invoking the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (IEEPA), his administration imposed:

A 10% universal tariff on all imports into the U.S.
An additional 25% reciprocal tariffs on key sectors like steel, aluminum, and automobiles
A targeted 54% effective tariff rate on Chinese imports. Which has increased to a whopping 145%. Read more about those on our blog about US tariffs on China.

Though the UK received relatively moderate tariffs compared to China or Germany, sectors that rely heavily on transatlantic exports have not been spared. The new tariffs build on trade tensions first sparked during the 2018–2020 U.S.-China trade war, which disrupted global supply chains and encouraged localization of production in key industries.

Impact on UK Heavy Manufacturing

Many key industries in the UK have been impacted by these tariffs. The most prominent ones are:

Steel Industry

The UK steel industry has long relied on the U.S. as a key export market. With 25% tariffs, British steel is priced out of competitiveness in the American market.

British Steel, one of the largest producers, has proposed shutting down its blast furnaces in Scunthorpe, putting up to 2,700 jobs at risk.
Energy costs and environmental levies had already dented profitability; tariffs have accelerated this downturn.

Producers now face a stark choice: scale down operations or reorient toward European and domestic markets.

Aluminum

Aluminium exporters are in a similarly precarious position. The Aluminium Federation (ALFED) has raised serious concerns about the incoming 25% tariffs on aluminium imports into the US, set to take effect on 12 March 2025. The impact is being felt across a wide range of industries that depend on aluminium products—most notably aerospace, automotive, construction, and electronics.

Furthermore, The Independent notes that the UK government suggests that about 6% of aluminium exports by volume go to the U.S. businesses operating in this sector are expected to feel the impact of the escalating trade war.

UK-based aluminium producers, including large enterprises and SMEs, have long relied on U.S. buyers to export lightweight structural components, building façades, electric vehicle parts, and precision engineering applications.

Automotive Sector

UK car manufacturing exports nearly 13% of its total production to the U.S., including top brands like Jaguar Land Rover, Rolls-Royce, and Mini. The new 25% tariffs on both finished vehicles and parts have delivered a direct blow.

In 2024, the UK produced approximately 780,000 cars, with about 16.9% of these exports destined for the U.S. market, equating to over 101,000 vehicles. This underscores the significant role the U.S. plays as a key export destination for UK car manufacturers.

The U.S.’s imposition of a 25% tariff on imported vehicles and parts has raised concerns about the competitiveness of UK automotive exports. The Institute for Public Policy Research (IPPR) has warned that such tariffs could put over 25,000 UK car manufacturing jobs at risk, particularly affecting employees at companies like Jaguar Land Rover and the Mini plant in Oxford.

Impact on Other UK Industries

Some other UK industries that have been impacted by the US tariffs include:

Pharmaceuticals & Medical Devices:

Though not directly tariffed, these sectors face delays and cost increases due to shipping issues and rising prices for U.S. ingredients. Regulatory divergence post-Brexit adds further complexity for exporters.

Fashion & Apparel:

Luxury and mid-tier UK brands now face 10% import tariffs, reducing demand from U.S. retailers. Price-sensitive segments are particularly impacted.

Electronics & Electrical Equipment:

This sector is indirectly affected by higher raw material costs, chip shortages, and declining investor confidence in global supply chains.

CNC Machining and Metal Presswork: Rising Costs, Shrinking Margins

Precision manufacturing sectors like CNC machining, laser cutting, and presswork are vital to the UK’s heavy and light industrial supply chains. However, these sectors are facing increasing pressure due to:

Higher costs for imported raw materials, especially metals, are impacted by U.S. tariffs
Decreased demand from U.S.-based clients who are cutting back on UK-sourced components
Longer production cycles caused by disrupted logistics and uncertainty in export timelines

The Midlands, historically a stronghold for UK precision engineering, is particularly affected as manufacturers re-evaluate or delay orders due to shifting global trade policies.

In this environment, Kirmell Ltd offers a crucial lifeline. Based in Birmingham, Kirmell provides UK-manufactured components using CNC machining, presswork, and laser cutting, reducing dependency on imported raw materials and enabling faster local turnaround.

Our commitment to quality ensures that manufacturers can adapt quickly to changing order volumes without compromising standards. Contact us now for more information, or read our brochure to understand what we offer and how we can help you.

Recommendations for UK Manufacturers

Here are some strategic recommendations for UK manufacturers based on insights and expert opinions:

Diversify Export Destinations

With the imposition of U.S. tariffs, UK manufacturers are encouraged to explore alternative markets such as the European Union (EU), the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN), and the Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC). These regions offer growing industrial demand and present opportunities to mitigate reliance on U.S. exports.

For instance, the UK’s accession to the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) in December 2024 opened doors to new markets and enhanced trade prospects in the Asia-Pacific region.

Similar agreements can be signed with other countries and regional organisations where UK doesn’t have to rely on the US that much.

Invest in Domestic Supply Chains

Global trade volatility has made it essential for UK manufacturers to reinforce their domestic sourcing networks. Reducing dependence on overseas suppliers not only lowers exposure to tariffs but also improves lead times, cost predictability, and operational control.

A report by Capgemini indicates that UK companies plan to invest approximately $650 billion over the next three years to reshore and nearshore their manufacturing and supply chains, aiming to mitigate supply chain disruptions and geopolitical risks.

Many firms are turning to local precision manufacturers like Kirmell Ltd, which offers the latest manufacturing methods and welding solutions for industrial applications. Our ISO 9001:2015 certification ensures consistent quality.

Engage in Policy Advocacy for Trade Exceptions

Active engagement with policymakers is crucial for securing favorable trade terms and mitigating the adverse effects of tariffs. Industry associations and business councils can play a pivotal role in advocating for sector-specific exemptions and negotiating trade agreements that protect the interests of UK manufacturers.

The UK’s ongoing efforts to establish strategic trade relationships, as outlined in various government publications, underscore the importance of collaborative policymaking in navigating the complexities of global trade.

How Can Kirmell Help UK Manufacturers?

With expertise in heavy industrial manufacturing and export-ready operations, Kirmell Ltd supports businesses across the UK and Europe in strengthening their production strategies as global trade becomes more volatile.

What Kirmell Offers EU and UK Manufacturers:

Precision Manufacturing – Presswork, laser cutting, CNC machining, fabrication, and welding tailored for industrial and engineering use.
Component Supply & Support – A dependable source of UK-manufactured components to replace disrupted imports from China or the U.S.
Prototype & Development Assistance – Fast tooling and design support to help launch or refine product lines quickly and reliably.
ISO 9001:2015 Certified – Consistent quality and performance that meets international industry standards.
Export-Friendly UK Location – Strategically located outside EU-wide tariffs, offering smooth access to European markets and insulation from U.S.-China duties.
Stable Supply Chain Partnership – Enables manufacturers to diversify sourcing and reduce dependence on high-risk trade regions.

Contact us now for more information and get in touch with our experts.

Conclusion

The U.S. 2025 tariffs have forced a reckoning in UK manufacturing. From steel to surgical tools, nearly every industrial vertical has felt the sting of new trade barriers. However, this disruption also presents an opportunity to localise supply chains, reinvest in domestic production, and reduce long-term reliance on unpredictable global partners.

With industry players like Kirmell Ltd. offering scalable, high-quality alternatives for presswork, fabrication, and CNC machining, the UK is not just bracing for the storm—it’s building the foundations for a more self-reliant manufacturing future.

FAQ’s

How will US tariffs affect UK manufacturing in 2025?

US tariffs on key UK exports like automotive parts, aluminium, and machinery are making British products more expensive in the American market. This is forcing many UK manufacturers to rethink their export strategies and look for alternative trade routes or local markets.

What industries in UK manufacturing are most impacted by US tariffs?

Sectors such as automotive, aerospace, and aluminium are among the most affected. These industries have strong export ties to the US and are now seeing higher tariff rates, making UK goods less competitive abroad.

How can EU alternatives help UK manufacturers deal with US tariffs?

As a result of US tariffs, many UK manufacturers are exploring EU alternatives to secure their supply chains and expand their customer base within Europe. Nearshoring to the EU offers lower tariffs, reduced shipping costs, and improved trade stability.

How can Kirmell Ltd help UK manufacturers mitigate the impact of US tariffs?

By offering localized manufacturing solutions, Kirmell Ltd enables UK manufacturers to reduce reliance on international supply chains affected by US tariffs. Their expertise in producing components like pallet feet, metal pressings, and cubicle hardware allows for greater control over production and costs.

What is the future of UK manufacturing in 2025?

The future of UK manufacturing in 2025 depends on how effectively companies adapt to global trade changes. While US tariffs present serious hurdles, there are also new opportunities in green manufacturing, regional trade within Europe, and digital transformation of production processes.

What is Laser Cutting in Manufacturing: A Beginner’s Guide

24 April 2025/0 Comments/in Uncategorised/by Bilal

Using laser cutting technology, industries are capable of producing designs with high precision and efficiency. Nowadays, it is used in everything from aerospace to automotive to medical to electronics manufacturing.

This guide provides a comprehensive overview of laser cutting, how it works, its components, machines, and its limitations.

What is Laser Cutting?

Laser technology involves cutting through materials with an extremely precise laser beam, by melting, burning, or vaporising the metal with the laser, a smooth, clean edge is created.

Laser-cutting machines operate on a relatively simple but highly efficient principle, which is explained below:

Laser Generation. The high-intensity laser is generated by a device known as a laser resonator. Depending on the laser type (CO2, fibre, etc.), the light is generated in a different manner.
Beam Control. The laser beam is focused and directed onto the workpiece by mirrors and lenses. Focused laser beams produce intense heat that melts, vaporises, or burns the materials they touch.
Cutting Process. Laser beams burn, melt, or vaporise material as they move across it, resulting in a clean cut. In order to maintain a clean cutting area, molten materials are usually expelled with gases such as nitrogen and oxygen.
Motion Control. A laser cutting machine is equipped with a CNC (Computer Numerical Control) system, which guides the laser as it travels along the material based on the design file.

This process offers a high level of precision, capable of cutting thin metals and complex shapes with fine detail.

At Kirmell, we use advanced laser cutting systems to deliver precise, clean cuts for industrial and commercial applications. Whether it’s thin sheet metal or detailed component work, our services are designed to reduce waste and maximise production quality.

How Many Types of Lasers Are Used in Manufacturing?

Different types of laser technology are used in laser cutting machines, each suitable for a specific application and material. There are several types of lasers commonly used in cutting machines, including:

CO2 Lasers

A CO2 laser uses a mixture of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, and nitrogen to generate laser light. Lasers of this type are ideal for cutting materials that are not made up of metal, for instance, wood, plastic, and glass.

Several industries use CO2 lasers, such as sign making, woodworking, and acrylic cutting.

Fibre Lasers

Lasers generated by fibres use a solid-state medium, often ytterbium, to generate their laser light. Fibre optic cables are then used to transmit the laser.

A fibre laser is well known for its ability to cut metals very precisely, especially reflective metals like aluminium and brass. The automotive industry and the aerospace industry use them frequently.

Diode Lasers

A diode laser is a solid-state laser that operates with semiconductor diodes as the laser source. These machines are often used to engrave fine details on thin materials and to cut thin objects.

A diode laser is commonly used for applications requiring low to medium power, such as engraving on jewellery or medical equipment.

Neutron-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG)

These lasers use neodymium ions doped yttrium aluminium garnet crystals to generate light. Lasers of this type produce wavelength-specific light.

It is commonly used in high-precision applications such as the manufacturing of medical devices, aeronautics, and research laboratories.

Types of Laser Cutting Machines

There are several types of machines available on the market, each designed for specific needs and applications:

2D Laser Cutting Machines

Machines such as these are used to cut flat materials. Precision shapes and patterns can be cut with the laser head moving along the X and Y axes.

The sheet metal industry often uses this tool for cutting metals like aluminium, steel, and stainless steel.

3D Laser Cutting Machines

A 3D laser cutting machine uses a combination of 3-axis and 5-axis movements to cut three-dimensional objects. They are capable of creating intricate shapes with a high degree of precision.

Often used for manufacturing 3D parts for the automotive, aerospace, and medical industries. Read in detail about 2D and 3D laser cutting and their differences.

Tube Laser Cutting Machines

This type of machine is specifically designed to cut tubular materials. During the laser cutting process, the tube is rotated in a fixture while it cuts through its surface.

Tubular materials are used in furniture, automotive, and structural components.

If you need industry-leading laser cutting technology or expert consultation, Kirmell provides both the machinery and support you need to optimise your manufacturing process. Contact us right now to learn more about our capabilities and how we can assist you.

How Does a Laser Cutting Machine Work?

Laser-cutting machines are sophisticated systems that use several key components to cut a variety of materials with high precision and quality. All of these components play a critical role in the machine’s performance, no matter the thickness of the material or how fast or intricate the cut is.

We take a closer look at the key components of laser-cutting machines below.

The Laser Source

Laser cutting begins with a laser generator, which emits a beam of highly concentrated light. The type of generator depends on the material CO2 for non-metals and fibre lasers for metal laser cutting.

Beam Delivery System

Once generated, the beam is directed through a system of mirrors or fibre-optic cables. This setup guides the laser to the cutting head, where it’s further focused to a precise point using a lens.

Material Interaction

The focused beam heats the material to its melting or vaporisation point. Simultaneously, a stream of gas (like oxygen or nitrogen) is used to blow away molten material, leaving a clean, smooth cut.

CNC-Controlled Movements

Modern systems are operated using CNC (Computer Numerical Control), which interprets digital designs from CAD software and moves the laser with micron-level accuracy. This automation allows for repeatability and complex patterns in custom laser-cut components.

What Metal Materials Can Be Cut by Laser Cutting Machines?

The laser cutting machine is a versatile tool for cutting a wide range of metals with high precision.

In the following sections, we will discuss the types of metal materials which can be cut using laser technology, their thickness, and how much power is required for optimal cutting performance.

Mild Steel (Carbon Steel)

Mild steel is one of the most frequently used metals that is cut using laser cutting since it is relatively inexpensive and easy to cut. A wide range of industries use it, including construction, automotive, and factory production.

Thickness Range. With sufficient power and efficiency, lasers can cut mild steel from 0.5mm and up to 25 mm or more in thickness.

It’s all about laser power. Lasers with a power of 1kW to 2kW are typically sufficient for cutting mild steel up to 3 mm thick. Mild steel sections thicker than 15mm or 25mm can be cut more efficiently by lasers with higher powers, such as 3kW or 6kW.

Stainless Steel

One of the most common laser-cutting materials is stainless steel, which resists corrosion. Due to its strength and durability, it’s often used in the medical and food industries.

Thickness Range. With lasers, stainless steel can be cut at thicknesses between 0.5 mm and 25 mm. The use of specialised equipment and a higher-power laser may be required when cutting thicker stainless steel.

Laser Power. Lasers with a power range of 1kW to 2kW can be used on stainless steel sheets up to 3 mm thick. Lasers with a power of 3kW are recommended for cutting stainless steel sheets between 6 and 12 mm thick. Stainless steel sheets exceeding 12 mm in thickness require lasers with a power of 4kW to 6kW for accurate cutting.

Aluminum

Laser cutting is possible because aluminium is lightweight, non-corrosive, and heat conductive. The reflective nature of aluminium makes it challenging to cut, requiring a laser with special features.

Thickness Range. It is possible to cut aluminium to thicknesses ranging from 0.5 mm to 20 mm. If you want to cut thicker materials with a clean edge, you may need a more powerful laser.

Laser Power. Typically, 1kW to 2kW lasers can be used to cut thin aluminium sheets (up to 3 mm). An aluminium section thicker than 5mm will require a laser power of 3kW to 6kW.

Aluminium is also often cut using fibre lasers since CO2 lasers do not cope well with its reflective properties.

Copper

Copper has excellent conductivity and corrosion resistance and is used in electronics and electrical applications. Despite this, its high reflectivity and thermal conductivity can make cutting it more challenging.

Thickness Range. Generally, copper sheets with a thickness ranging from 0.5 to 10 mm are suitable for laser cutting. The power and cutting techniques required to cut thicker sheets are specialised.

Laser Power. Lasers of 3kW to 6kW are typically used to cut copper sheets. The high power needed to achieve a clean cut is due to the fact that copper dissipates heat quickly.

Brass

Brass is another metal commonly processed by laser cutting. A brass product is valued for its strength, resistance to corrosion, and attractive appearance.

Thickness Range. Lasers can cut brass in thicknesses from 0.5mm to 10mm effectively.

Laser Power. For effective cutting of brass, you need about 3kW to 6kW of laser power.

Kirmell’s laser cutting services are ideal for processing a wide range of metals, including mild steel, stainless steel, aluminium, and brass. With advanced fibre laser machines, we can handle custom thickness requirements while ensuring minimal waste and clean finishes every time. Contact us now for your project to get a quote from our experts.

Limitations of Laser Cutting

Despite offering so many benefits, this technology has some drawbacks and limitations too, such as:

Initial Investment Costs

Industrial-grade laser cutters, especially those used for metal laser cutting, can be expensive. However, the long-term savings in time and precision often justify the initial spending.

Material-Specific Challenges

Some highly reflective or heat-sensitive materials require special care. For instance, cutting copper or PVC can be problematic without the right laser system or fume extraction measures.

Thickness Constraints

While fibre lasers can handle thick metals, there’s a point where other methods like plasma cutting become more efficient and cost-effective.

Maintenance Requirements

Lenses, mirrors, and filters require regular cleaning and occasional replacement. A well-maintained system ensures long-term accuracy and operational safety.

Safety Concerns

Laser systems can cause burns, fires, or eye damage if mishandled. Operating one safely requires proper training, protective gear, and ventilation.

Laser Cutting Solutions by Kirmell

At Kirmell, we specialise in providing advanced laser-cutting products tailored to your specific needs. For those seeking industry-leading laser cutting solutions, we offer the technology and expertise to optimise your manufacturing processes.

Visit Kirmell to learn more about our services, or get in touch with us to discuss how we can support your business with our cutting-edge laser technology.

Conclusion

Laser cutting in manufacturing has fundamentally transformed how we produce goods, offering a blend of accuracy, speed, and flexibility. Whether used for crafting one-of-a-kind art pieces or mass-producing parts for global industries, its impact is undeniable.

From metal laser cutting in aerospace to designing custom laser-cut components for fashion, the technology is only growing more powerful and accessible. As we move toward smarter, greener production methods, laser cutting will remain at the heart of innovation and creativity.

So whether you’re a curious beginner, a designer, or an engineer, diving into laser cutting opens up endless possibilities shaped by light, powered by precision.

FAQ’s

What materials can be cut using laser cutting machines?

Laser cutting machines can cut a wide variety of materials, including metals (like mild steel, stainless steel, aluminium, copper, brass, and titanium), non-metals (like wood, plastic, acrylic, and glass), and composites. The type of laser used (CO2, fibre, or diode) determines which materials can be effectively cut.

What is the difference between CO2 and fibre lasers?

CO₂ lasers are gas-based and ideal for cutting non-metallic materials like wood, acrylic, and plastic. Fibre lasers, on the other hand, are solid-state and highly efficient for cutting metallic materials such as steel, aluminium, and brass due to their higher power and precision.

How precise is laser cutting compared to traditional cutting methods?

Laser cutting offers exceptional precision, often within ±0.1 mm, allowing for intricate designs and detailed components. This level of accuracy surpasses many traditional cutting methods, like mechanical saws or plasma cutting, especially for fine or complex shapes.

Is laser cutting suitable for mass production?

Yes, laser cutting is ideal for both prototyping and large-scale production. Its automation capabilities, fast processing speed, and integration with CAD/CAM software make it highly efficient for mass manufacturing while maintaining consistent quality.

What are the safety precautions for using laser cutting machines?

Operators should wear protective eyewear, ensure proper ventilation, and follow all machine safety guidelines. Training is essential, as lasers can cause burns, eye damage, or fires if misused. Regular maintenance and using enclosed laser systems can further enhance safety.

How China’s 2025 Tariffs Are Changing EU Supply Chains?

23 April 2025/0 Comments/in Uncategorised/by Bilal

Global trade in 2025 is more volatile than ever, primarily driven by escalating tensions between the United States and China. As two of the world’s largest economies engage in a trade war, their retaliatory tariff policies are not only disrupting bilateral trade but also sending shockwaves through supply chains across Europe.

With China recently imposing up to 125% tariffs on all U.S. goods in response to increased U.S. tariffs on Chinese imports (now as high as 145%), other regions, including the European Union (EU), are caught in the crossfire. While not directly targeted, EU economies are experiencing ripple effects in trade routes, sourcing strategies, and manufacturing dynamics.

In this article, we’ll explore why China introduced these new tariffs, how they are indirectly impacting EU supply chains, and what strategic responses EU countries can adopt to manage these changes.

Why China Introduced New Tariffs?

In April 2025, China’s Ministry of Commerce announced a significant increase in tariffs on U.S. imports from 84% to 125%. The reason for China’s retaliation against Trump’s tariffs with counter-tariffs on US goods was followed by a series of escalations, including the U.S. raising tariffs on Chinese goods from 20% in March and then later to 145% in April as part of a broader protectionist policy under the Trump administration. Read more about these in detail on our separate blog about Trump China tariffs 2025.

According to Chinese officials, these countermeasures are not just economically motivated but also politically charged. During a meeting with Spanish Prime Minister Pedro Sánchez, Chinese President Xi Jinping labelled the U.S. approach as “unilateral bullying,” urging the EU and other allies to “jointly resist” and protect multilateral trade norms.

China’s goals are fourfold:

To counter economic pressure: The tariffs are designed to inflict comparable economic pain on U.S. exporters, especially in agriculture, automotive, and tech sectors.
To assert trade independence: China wants to show that it won’t be economically cornered and is willing to take a stand, even at domestic cost.
To encourage domestic demand: By making foreign goods less competitive, China aims to boost demand for local products and stimulate internal manufacturing.
To reposition its trade alliances: Beijing is actively reaching out to the EU, South Asia, and Africa to realign its trade partnerships.

However, these aggressive trade policies, while targeted at the U.S., have also triggered unintended consequences for global trade dynamics, particularly in the EU.

How do These Tariffs Indirectly Affect the EU?

Although EU countries are not subject to either the U.S. or Chinese tariffs directly, they are deeply interconnected with both economies. The EU is a major trading partner for both China and the U.S. However, the knock-on effects of this trade war are reshaping supply chains, pricing structures, and business decisions across the continent.

Supply Chain Disruptions

Many European firms operate within global value chains. For example, an automotive part may be designed in Germany, sourced in China, assembled in Eastern Europe, and shipped to the U.S. With tariffs now inflating costs and causing logistical delays between China and the U.S., the reliability of these supply chains is at risk.

The European Union is also concerned about a potential oversupply of low-cost Chinese goods flooding its markets as a result of U.S. tariffs redirecting trade flows. This situation is prompting discussions between EU and Chinese officials on how to manage trade diversions and maintain market stability.

This is why businesses are actively reassessing their sourcing strategies, and for many, the United Kingdom is becoming a top alternative. Not only does the UK offer a tariff-friendly trade environment, particularly with the U.S., but it also benefits from a robust industrial base and strategic geographic location. This makes it an ideal destination for companies seeking to reduce dependence on China without sacrificing quality or access to Western markets.

Increased Competition from Diverted Chinese Exports

As China finds its goods less competitive in the U.S. due to high tariffs, it is seeking new markets, with Europe being a prime target. Chinese companies, now shut out of the American market, are offering steep discounts in the EU. While this may benefit consumers in the short term, it’s putting intense pressure on local manufacturers, especially SMEs.

This heightened competition is pushing some EU firms to shift parts of their supply chain to more protected environments, such as the UK. UK-based industrial partners like Kirmell play a key role in supporting this transition.

Kirmell provides precision manufacturing services, including CNC machining, presswork, fabrication, and laser cutting, enabling international companies to establish a stable and compliant supply chain presence within the UK. This allows businesses to maintain high production standards while avoiding the trade volatility of the U.S. and China.

Contact us now for more information, or read our brochure to understand the services we offer and how they might benefit you.

Logistics and Transportation Costs

Another indirect hit is on freight and shipping. As supply chains are rerouted to avoid high-tariff zones, transport costs are rising due to longer distances, complex customs processes, and shifts in port activity. Shipping lines are adjusting schedules, and demand surges on alternative routes are pushing prices up. These added expenses are being passed down to EU businesses and, ultimately, to consumers.

Slower Investment and Rising Uncertainty

The volatile trade environment is shaking investor confidence across the EU. Multinational companies that operate in both China and the U.S. are hesitant to commit to new projects or expand current operations due to unpredictability in trade policy. As the rules keep changing, businesses are delaying investments, holding off on expansion plans, and redirecting capital to more stable regions.

Again, the UK is emerging as a business-friendly, regulation-aligned option for foreign investors. Its political stability, advanced infrastructure, and growing manufacturing support services offer reassurance to firms looking for predictability in uncertain times.

What Can EU Countries Do in Response to China’s Tariffs?

Faced with these growing challenges, the EU needs a coordinated and forward-looking approach. Here are some of the most viable steps the region can take:

Strengthen Trade Agreements Beyond the U.S. and China

Diversifying trade relations is essential. The EU should deepen partnerships with regions like Southeast Asia, Latin America, and Africa, where trade routes remain open and tariffs are minimal. Active promotion of agreements like the EU-Mercosur and EU-ASEAN pacts can help reduce dependence on the U.S.-China corridor.

Promote Intra-EU Supply Chains

Strengthening supply chains within the EU helps reduce exposure to global trade shocks. For example, if a company in Germany or Spain is currently outsourcing components from China, the ongoing tariff tensions may prompt them to explore closer, more stable alternatives.

In such cases, the United Kingdom becomes a strategic option, offering low tariffs, proximity to Europe, and strong manufacturing capabilities. UK-based firms like Kirmell provide high-quality component manufacturing, making it easier for EU companies to shift part of their supply chain without major disruption.

Invest in Strategic Sectors

The EU must continue investing in critical industries such as semiconductors, renewables, pharmaceuticals, and green technologies. These sectors not only hold strategic importance but also face the most disruption from tariff wars. Funding research and encouraging pan-European cooperation will ensure long-term independence.

Engage in Active Diplomacy

The EU has an opportunity to act as a global mediator. By taking a leadership role in the World Trade Organisation (WTO) and other multilateral forums, it can advocate for trade reforms, dispute resolution, and a rules-based global system that benefits open economies.

Support SMEs and Local Industries

Small and medium-sized enterprises are the most exposed to rapid changes in global trade. Governments should consider providing grants, tax relief, export credits, and logistics subsidies to help local firms survive the turbulence and compete against underpriced imports.

Conclusion

China’s 2025 tariff retaliation, while aimed at the U.S., has far-reaching consequences that extend deep into the European Union. From disrupted supply chains and rising costs to shifting trade dynamics and increased competition, the EU is already feeling the strain of a conflict it did not initiate.

But within this challenge lies an opportunity. By reinforcing internal trade links, diversifying partnerships, and strategically investing in future-ready industries, the EU can not only weather this storm but also emerge stronger and more self-reliant.

Global trade may be in flux, but with careful planning, diplomacy, and innovation, Europe can adapt to the new landscape, building resilient supply chains that are less vulnerable to geopolitical shocks.

Kirmell: A Strategic UK Manufacturing Partner for EU Businesses

As EU companies seek ways to minimise the risks posed by the ongoing U.S.-China tariff war, many are turning to the United Kingdom for stability. Kirmell, a UK-based precision manufacturer, offers EU firms a reliable and tariff-friendly solution to maintain their supply chains without the uncertainties of global trade disputes.

With expertise in heavy industrial manufacturing and export-ready operations, Kirmell supports businesses across Europe in strengthening their production strategies.

What Kirmell Offers EU Businesses:

Precision Manufacturing: CNC machining, laser cutting, presswork, fabrication, and welding, tailored for industrial and engineering applications.

Component Supply & Support: Ideal for businesses needing high-quality, UK-sourced components to replace disrupted imports from China or the U.S.

Prototype & Development Assistance: Rapid tooling and engineering support to bring new products to market quickly and efficiently.

ISO 9001:2015 Certified: Ensures consistent, high-quality output that meets international standards.

Export-Friendly Location: Strategically based in the UK, outside of EU-wide tariffs and unaffected by U.S.-China duties.

Reliable Supply Chain Partnership – Helps EU firms diversify suppliers and establish long-term stability in manufacturing operations.

By partnering with Kirmell, EU businesses can future-proof their supply chains and continue serving Western markets confidently, without being caught in the middle of global tariff conflicts.

FAQ’s

Why did Trump announce tariffs against Canada, Mexico, and China?

The announcement of tariffs against Canada, Mexico, and China was part of former President Trump's trade strategy to protect U.S. industries and reduce trade deficits. In the case of China, the tariffs aimed to address issues like intellectual property theft and unfair trade practices. These tariffs led to increased costs on Chinese goods entering the U.S., affecting industries like electronics, steel, and manufacturing.

How are China tariffs are affecting global supply chains?

The escalating U.S.-China trade war, marked by tariffs reaching up to 145% by the U.S. and 125% by China, is disrupting global supply chains. These high tariffs are causing increased costs and delays, prompting companies worldwide to reassess and diversify their sourcing and manufacturing strategies.

What impact do China's tariffs in 2025 have on manufacturing in Europe?

European manufacturers are facing indirect effects from the U.S.-China tariff escalations. The EU is concerned about potential trade diversions, where goods originally destined for the U.S. may flood European markets, affecting local industries. This situation is prompting EU manufacturers to evaluate their supply chains and consider alternative sourcing options.

Is China redirecting exports to the EU due to U.S. tariffs?

Yes. With the U.S. imposing tariffs up to 145% on Chinese goods, China is seeking alternative markets, including the EU. This shift raises concerns about an oversupply of low-cost Chinese products in Europe, potentially impacting local industries.

How are EU-China trade relations evolving amid U.S. tariff policies?

According to Reuters, in response to U.S. protectionist measures, China is strengthening ties with the EU, proposing collaborations to uphold multilateral trade and counteract unilateral actions. This includes discussions on trade diversification and joint economic initiatives

The Impact of Trump 2025 Tariffs on American Manufacturing

22 April 2025/0 Comments/in Uncategorised/by Bilal

In April 2025, the United States took a bold step in reshaping its global trade strategy by implementing broad tariffs under a renewed protectionist approach. President Donald Trump announced these policies in Executive Order 14257.

The administration positioned this move as part of a larger effort to “restore American greatness” in manufacturing, revive domestic industries, and address decades of trade imbalances.

The new tariffs come at a time when global supply chains are still recovering from the post-COVID era and geopolitical tensions are rising, especially with countries like China. While the administration promotes the tariffs as a catalyst for economic revival, experts remain divided. This article explores the US tariffs of 2025, their scope, and their overall impact, both positive and negative, on the American manufacturing sector.

Overview of the 2025 US Tariffs

The 2025 tariff policy, driven by Executive Order 14257, imposes a baseline 10% import tariff across the board, with additional duties on countries deemed to engage in “unfair” trade practices, including China, Vietnam, and some EU nations. Specific industries targeted include steel and aluminium (25%), automotive components (20%), textiles (15%), and consumer electronics (up to 35%).

This policy is not merely symbolic—it represents one of the most aggressive trade interventions in recent US history. According to the Tax Foundation, President Trump’s tariffs are projected to impact approximately $1.4 trillion worth of imports, a significant increase from the $380 billion affected during his first term.

Goals of the Tariffs

The tariffs were introduced with the following goals by the US government:

Rebalancing the trade deficit: In 2024, the US reported a $918 goods billion trade deficit, with China accounting for $294 billion, roughly 32% of that gap. The new tariffs aim to discourage excessive reliance on foreign goods and promote local alternatives.
Revitalising American manufacturing: By making imported goods more expensive, US companies may find it economically viable to produce domestically.
Enhancing national security: Critical industries like semiconductors and rare earth elements are now deemed strategic, and reducing dependency on foreign supply is part of a broader security doctrine.
Increasing federal revenue: The tariffs are projected to generate over $120 billion annually in additional federal income, according to the US Trade Representative (USTR).

Benefits of the Tariffs for American Manufacturers

The tariffs are intended to offer the following benefits to the American industries and manufacturers:

Protection Against Unfair Competition

The tariffs are primarily aimed at levelling the playing field by protecting domestic manufacturers from artificially cheap imports subsidized by foreign governments. Industries such as steel, furniture, and electronics have long struggled against low-cost competition, especially from China.

Domestic firms now have the chance to regain market share and grow without being undercut on price. Due to more favourable conditions, sectors like aerospace, defence manufacturing, and heavy machinery are already reporting growth.

Interestingly, for companies finding it increasingly difficult to sustain operations in the US due to costs, the UK is emerging as a strategic alternative for manufacturing relocation. With lower trade barriers, access to EU markets through bilateral agreements, and an English-speaking workforce, the UK offers operational advantages for American and global companies looking for stable production bases outside the US.

Safeguarding Jobs

Tariffs could help protect domestic manufacturers from cheaper imports, giving local industries a competitive advantage. US steel and aluminium producers, for example, will undoubtedly be among the winners. They will sell more products at higher prices, bringing in more revenue and profit.

Encouragement of Domestic Investment

Higher tariffs on imports have encouraged US firms to look inward and reinvest in local production. Large players like Intel and General Motors (GM) have announced factory expansions, while hundreds of SMEs have signalled plans to upgrade or expand their facilities.

However, for many businesses, especially startups and mid-sized firms, domestic investment still presents challenges related to labour costs and regulatory hurdles. For such companies, relocating or expanding to the UK, where favourable trade policies and skilled labour are available, can be a viable strategy.

Kirmell offers expert guidance for businesses exploring such options in the UK by supporting them in establishing reliable supply chains and industry partnerships for a smoother transition.

Adverse Effects of the Tariffs on American Manufacturing

The tariffs will have some negative effects on American manufacturing, particularly those industries that heavily rely on foreign goods and materials, such as:

Increased Production Costs

The downside of tariffs is most clearly felt in industries dependent on imported materials. Steel, aluminium, electronics components, and industrial plastics are now significantly more expensive due to the new duties.

Companies that cannot find affordable local alternatives face rising operational costs, often resulting in price increases for end consumers or squeezed margins. For instance, a study by the Center for Automotive Research indicates that the 25% tariffs on imported auto parts are projected to increase manufacturing costs for major U.S. automakers by nearly $5,000 per vehicle.

This substantial cost increase underscores the significant financial impact these tariffs are having on the automotive industry

In these scenarios, relocating part of the production to countries with lower tariffs and more accessible raw materials is a cost-effective alternative. Again, the UK presents itself as a business-friendly hub with solid infrastructure and a transparent regulatory system.

Supply Chain Disruptions

Manufacturing today depends on global supply networks. Tariffs interrupt this flow, creating delays, compliance issues, and added costs. Some US firms are already experiencing project slowdowns due to component shortages or price volatility.

For businesses looking to regain control of their supply chain while avoiding excessive costs, the UK provides a central location for Europe-bound manufacturing, distribution, and warehousing. Companies like Kirmell offer industry-specific guidance for firms navigating this shift, helping them reduce risks and find new supply chain partners for their manufactured goods.

Retaliatory Measures

Canada, Mexico, China, and the EU have also imposed their own tariffs on US exports, further reducing the competitiveness of US-manufactured goods abroad. Read more about this in our blog on China tariffs on the US. Although the US paused its tariffs on the EU, Canada, and many other nations that were yet to implement their retaliatory tariffs for 90 days but the tariffs on China still remain in place. Still, however, these tariffs are just paused, and chances are they will be implemented in the future after 90 days.

Further, manufacturers that rely on exports, such as agricultural equipment producers, may face reduced demand if foreign markets close off or impose penalties.

How Can Kirmell Help US Manufacturers Switch to the UK?

Kirmell is a UK-based precision manufacturing and engineering company that supports global businesses with high-quality component production and supply chain reliability. Specialising in CNC machining, laser cutting, presswork, and fabrication, Kirmell provides critical manufacturing services for heavy industrial applications—helping companies maintain efficient operations in a stable, tariff-friendly environment.

What Kirmell Offers:

Component Manufacturing: ISO 9001:2015 certified production of precision parts using advanced machining, cutting, and metalworking technologies.
Engineering Support & Prototyping: Custom tooling and development assistance to support new product introductions and modifications.
Supply Chain Partnership: Reliable manufacturing support for companies sourcing components or assemblies within the UK due to high tariffs elsewhere.
Export Capabilities: Kirmell supplies quality presswork and components to international clients across Europe, North America, and beyond.
Industry Experience – Serving heavy industrial sectors, including automotive, construction, infrastructure, and engineering.

Whether you’re facing rising tariff pressures or seeking a stable, long-term supply partner in the UK, Kirmell provides the industrial capabilities and expertise to support your operations with confidence. Contact us now for a free consultation right away.

Ready to Take the Next Step?

Visit Kirmell and book a free consultation. Whether you’re a startup, a mid-sized manufacturer, or a multinational, Kirmell will help you turn trade challenges into strategic growth opportunities.

Conclusion

The 2025 US tariffs have redefined the landscape of American manufacturing. While they offer compelling benefits—like encouraging domestic investment, protecting local industries, and promoting job creation—they also carry significant risks. Higher production costs, global retaliation, and inflationary pressures could undermine the very gains they seek to deliver.

For businesses feeling squeezed by rising expenses or uncertain supply chains, exploring manufacturing alternatives such as the UK could offer much-needed relief and opportunity. And with expert partners like Kirmell on hand to guide that transition, companies don’t need to go it alone.

The effectiveness of US tariff policy will ultimately depend on strategic planning, adaptability, and the right domestic and international partnerships.

FAQs

How do the 2025 US tariffs affect American manufacturers?

The 2025 tariffs have increased the cost of imported raw materials and components, putting pressure on American manufacturers. While some benefit from reduced foreign competition, many are facing higher production expenses and tighter profit margins.

What is the impact of import tariffs on domestic production?

Import tariffs can encourage domestic production by making imported goods more expensive. However, they also raise input costs for manufacturers, leading to increased production costs and supply chain disruptions in many sectors.

What are the effects of the 2025 tariffs on US manufacturing jobs?

The impact on jobs is mixed. Some industries, like steel and aluminum, have seen job growth due to protection from imports. In contrast, manufacturers reliant on global supply chains are facing higher costs, which can lead to layoffs or slowed hiring.

Which industries are most affected by the 2025 US tariffs?

Industries heavily reliant on imported materials, such as automotive, electronics, aerospace, and machinery, are among the most affected due to rising input costs and disrupted supply chains.

Why should US companies consider the UK for manufacturing?

With stable trade conditions, skilled labour, and robust infrastructure, the UK is an ideal alternative for companies facing tariff-related challenges. Kirmell supports this shift by offering precision laser cutting, welding, and custom fabrication services, delivering reliable, UK-based manufacturing solutions for global partners looking to reduce risk and improve supply chain efficiency.

How 2025 US Tariffs Are Reshaping EU Manufacturing

21 April 2025/0 Comments/in Uncategorised/by Bilal

In 2025, the United States made a bold move by introducing new tariffs on goods imported from several countries, including the European Union (EU). These tariffs, introduced by the Trump administration, were part of a broader push to bring more manufacturing back to the US and reduce trade imbalances. However, the ripple effects of this decision have been deeply felt across Europe, especially within key manufacturing sectors like automotive, steel, luxury goods, and pharmaceuticals.

Let’s break down how these tariffs are reshaping the EU’s manufacturing landscape—and how businesses are adapting, including those turning to expert solutions like Kirmell for support.

Understanding the 2025 US Tariffs

The new US tariffs on the EU that took effect in April 2025 include a baseline 10% tariff on almost all imported goods, with the EU facing a heightened rate of 20%. On top of that, specific sectors such as cars, steel, and aluminium now face a massive 25% tariff.

Later, in response to market volatility and international concerns, the US announced a 90-day pause on additional tariffs beyond the baseline 10% rate for most countries, including the EU, effective April 9, 2025. This pause does not apply to China, which faces increased tariffs. Read more about the China-US tariff war in our separate blog.

While the US government says this move will strengthen domestic production and protect American jobs, it’s proving to be a major challenge for EU businesses. Many companies are now rethinking where they make their products, how they manage their supply chains, and where they sell their goods.

Industries Hit Hard By US Tariffs

Let’s discuss in detail what types of industries will be hit most by these tariffs:

Automotive Sector

The automotive sector in Europe has been hit especially hard. Germany, France, and Italy are home to some of the world’s most well-known car brands, including BMW, Mercedes-Benz, Volkswagen, Peugeot, and Fiat. Many of these companies export a large portion of their vehicles to the US

With a 25% tariff now placed on cars and car parts, selling in the US has become far more expensive. Car prices are going up for American buyers, which could reduce demand. To deal with this, companies are exploring several options:

Shifting production to the US so they can avoid the tariffs.
Cutting costs in other areas, such as labour or supply chain logistics.
Looking for new markets in Asia or South America.

For smaller automotive parts manufacturers and suppliers in the EU, this change is even tougher, as they may not have the flexibility or resources to move operations or adjust supply lines quickly.

Steel and Aluminium

The steel and aluminium sectors are also under pressure. The US has announced 25% tariffs on all steel and aluminium imports from the EU countries, which can cause $5 billion in lost sales as well as put thousands of jobs at risk.

Steel and aluminium are vital for a range of industries—from construction to machinery and transportation. When tariffs raise the price of these materials, it affects the entire supply chain. Many European manufacturers are now:

Trying to redirect exports to other global markets.
Investing in automation to keep production cost-effective.
Considering production partnerships within tariff-free zones.

This is where companies like Kirmell become especially valuable. Kirmell, a UK-based manufacturing service provider, offers high-quality presswork, fabrication, CNC machining, and laser cutting services. Their precision engineering and decades of experience can help EU businesses maintain efficiency and quality while navigating shifting market demands.

Because the UK is no longer part of the EU, it offers unique opportunities for companies looking to stay close to European markets while benefiting from separate trade agreements. Kirmell’s manufacturing expertise supports businesses seeking a reliable UK-based partner for component production, helping them manage costs and avoid high EU-related tariffs.

Other Industries Affected

The fashion and luxury goods sector, particularly brands in France and Italy, has been hit hard by the removal of the U.S. “de minimis” exemption, which previously allowed duty-free entry for goods under $800. This change has added costs to small overseas shipments, posing challenges for brands that rely on direct-to-consumer sales. Combined with tariffs on Chinese and EU-made products, many companies are rethinking their supply chains, exploring alternatives like Turkey and the UK.

Pharmaceuticals, while not heavily impacted yet, remain at risk. Industry leaders are concerned that future tariffs could lead to delayed drug availability, higher prices, and a shift in production to the U.S. In anticipation, many European pharmaceutical firms are pushing for regulatory reforms and evaluating new production bases outside the EU

Effects of the US Tariffs on EU Manufacturing Sectors

The new US tariff strategy has triggered a range of consequences across the EU, including:

Rising Export Costs – The tariffs have made EU-made products more expensive in the US, leading to reduced demand and lost revenue for European companies.
Supply Chain Disruption – Businesses are being forced to rethink where they source materials and how they transport goods.
Production Relocation – Companies are considering moving factories to countries with better trade terms, including the US and the UK.
Pressure on Jobs – Reduced exports and lower production are threatening employment in manufacturing-heavy regions.
Price Inflation – Consumers in the US are paying more for EU goods, especially cars, luxury fashion, and industrial equipment.
Strategic Shifts – EU firms are looking to diversify their markets, automate production, or build more resilient and local supply chains.

How the EU Is Responding?

On April 12, 2025, the European Union implemented retaliatory tariffs in response to U.S. tariffs on steel and aluminium imports. However, when Trump announced a 90-day pause on these new tariffs, the EU agreed to it and showed eagerness to negotiate and de-escalate the situation.

However, the EU has indicated readiness to expand countermeasures if talks with the U.S. do not yield a fair agreement.

How Businesses Are Adapting — and How Kirmell Can Help

As US tariffs place pressure on EU exports, many businesses across Europe are adjusting their supply chain strategies. A growing number of companies are exploring ways to shift the final stages of production to tariff-friendly regions, and the UK is emerging as a preferred destination.

Rather than relocating full operations, many EU manufacturers are now opting to move only the end-of-process work, such as finishing, final assembly, quality control, or packaging, to the UK. Kirmell specialises in this type of supply chain partnership, helping businesses:

Complete production closer to UK and international customers
Avoid high tariffs on fully manufactured goods
Maintain quality and lead time efficiency

Thinking of Doing Business in the UK?

If you’re a business owner or manufacturer affected by the new US tariffs and you’re considering expanding or relocating to a market with lower tariffs, the UK could be a smart move. The UK still enjoys relatively favourable trade terms and is an ideal base for US and European exports.

Kirmell can help. As a UK-based manufacturing partner, Kirmell provides end-to-end production support, including precision manufacturing, metal fabrication, and supply chain partnerships. Our team works closely with you to understand your production goals, deliver tailored engineering solutions, and ensure efficient, on-time output, all from a strategic UK location. Contact us now and get started right away.

FAQ’s

What are the 2025 US tariffs on the EU?

The US has applied a general 10% tariff on most imported goods from the EU, plus a 20% extra tariff specifically for EU products. Sectors like cars, steel, and aluminium are hit even harder with a 25% tariff. These new rates have made it more expensive for EU businesses to sell in the US market.

Why did the US introduce tariffs on the EU?

The US wants to boost local manufacturing, reduce its trade gap, and protect American jobs. It’s part of a strategy to make American-made goods more competitive. However, this move is affecting global trade and raising prices for many US buyers.

How are EU companies reacting to US tariffs?

Many are moving parts of their supply chain, like assembly or packaging, to countries with better trade terms. Some are also exploring new customer bases in Asia and South America. This helps reduce the impact of US tariffs while keeping their business running.

Which EU industries are most affected by US tariffs?

Car manufacturers, steel and aluminium producers, fashion brands, and pharmaceutical companies are among the most affected. These industries rely heavily on exports to the US. With higher costs, they’re facing tough decisions on pricing, jobs, and production.

Why is the UK a good option for EU companies now?

The UK has left the EU, so it follows separate trade agreements that may avoid some US tariffs. It’s geographically close and shares strong business ties with both the EU and the US. This makes it ideal for final-stage production work before shipping to America.

US and China flags in the background of container ships

China’s 2025 Reciprocal Tariffs on US Goods: What You Need to Know

18 April 2025/0 Comments/in Uncategorised/by Bilal

In 2025, the trade relationship between the United States and China experienced a major shift, resulting in the implementation of reciprocal tariffs. These tariffs, initiated by the US and matched by China, have created significant economic implications for both countries, as well as for global trade.

In this article, we will explore the concept of tariffs, the history of US-China trade tensions, the details of the tariffs imposed in 2025, China’s responses to those tariffs, and the broader implications for the US economy. Finally, we will discuss potential future outcomes as this trade war continues to unfold.

What Are Tariffs?

Tariffs are taxes imposed on imported or exported goods between countries. They’re often used to protect local industries by making foreign products more expensive and encouraging consumers to buy domestic alternatives. While tariffs can benefit local manufacturers, they often result in higher prices for consumers and can trigger retaliatory tariffs from other countries, leading to trade wars.

In the case of the recent US-China trade tensions, these tariffs have not only raised prices for everyday goods but have also hurt US importers and manufacturers who rely on Chinese components and materials. Increased costs and disrupted supply chains have put pressure on businesses across industries, especially in technology, automotive, and consumer goods.

A Brief History of US-China Trade Relations

The economic relationship between the United States and China has been marked by both cooperation and tension. In 2001, China became a member of the World Trade Organization (WTO), which was expected to lead to further integration of China into the global economy. Over the years, trade between the two countries grew significantly, with China becoming one of the United States’ largest trading partners.

However, by the 2010s, concerns about China’s trade practices started to surface. The US accused China of unfair practices, including intellectual property theft, forced technology transfers, and currency manipulation.

By 2018, these concerns led to the Trump administration’s tariffs, marking the beginning of a significant trade conflict. The US government’s actions in 2018 were the first major steps in what would become a prolonged trade war. By 2025, new tariffs were introduced, taking the tension between the two countries to new heights.

The 2025 US Tariffs on China

Under President Donald Trump, the US administration introduced a new round of tariffs in 2025 to address ongoing concerns about China’s trade practices. The tariffs targeted a wide range of Chinese goods, including machinery, electronics, and consumer products.

Beginning with a 10% tariff on all Chinese imports in February, the rate was raised to 20% in March, and by April, cumulative tariffs reached 145%, the highest in history.

While intended to protect US industries, the sweeping tariffs have triggered major global trade realignments and economic uncertainty. Read more about US tariffs on China in our separate blog here.

While the US has tightened restrictions, the United Kingdom remains exempt from these 2025 tariff hikes. This makes the UK an increasingly attractive destination for Chinese businesses looking to expand into more stable, tariff-friendly markets.

If you’re a Chinese manufacturer or exporter looking to serve the UK market, Kirmell offers specialised support through its engineering and supply chain services. From component manufacturing to reliable supply partnerships, Kirmell helps you meet UK standards efficiently and compliantly. Contact us right now for guidance.

China’s Response to US Tariffs: Detailed Breakdown

In 2025, following the United States’ imposition of tariffs on Chinese goods, China quickly retaliated with its own set of tariffs targeting a wide array of US products. China has a long history of using tariffs as a tool to exert pressure in trade negotiations, and its response to the US tariffs was no different.

Below is a summary table of the tariffs China imposed on various US sectors and products:

Date Effective	Category	Tariff Rate	Key Impact Sector
Feb 10, 2025	Coal	15%	Reduced competitiveness for US coal; demand shifts to other suppliers like Australia.
Feb 10, 2025	Crude Oil	10%	Disruption in US shale oil exports; China seeks alternative suppliers.
Feb 10, 2025	Liquefied Natural Gas (LNG)	15%	US LNG faces increased competition from countries such as Qatar and Australia.
Feb 10, 2025	Agricultural Machinery	10%	US manufacturers like John Deere impacted; Chinese buyers explore European and domestic alternatives
April 10, 2025	Agricultural Products (e.g., soybeans, pork, cotton)	125%	Significant reduction in demand for US farm goods in China
April 10, 2025	Machinery	125%	Increased costs for US construction and manufacturing equipment; Chinese firms turn to other markets.
April 10, 2025	Electronics, Automobiles,	125%	US tech products become less competitive; potential market share loss to other countries. Further higher prices for U.S. vehicles; decline in exports from manufacturers like General Motors and Ford.

Implications of China’s Tariffs on the US

China’s retaliatory tariffs had several important implications for the US economy, affecting various sectors and industries.

Manufacturing & Supply Chain Disruptions

Many US manufacturers rely heavily on Chinese-sourced inputs, including raw materials like rare earth elements (gallium, germanium, antimony), semiconductors, and intermediate goods. With China imposing up to 125% tariffs on US imports, these manufacturers now face significantly higher costs, reduced competitiveness, and strained supplier relationships.

Inflation & Higher Consumer Prices

The cascading effect of manufacturing disruptions has been inflationary pressure on end products, electronics, iPhones, clothing, and household appliances have all become more expensive. Consumers will now pay more for goods once built affordably through China-linked supply chains.

If you’re a manufacturer or supplier affected by the US-China trade war, the UK presents a stable, business-friendly environment, and Kirmell is here to help you make the transition.

Whether you’re looking to diversify your export destinations, relocate part of your manufacturing, or tap into the UK’s growing demand for industrial products, Kirmell offers tailored solutions to minimise risk and maximise opportunity. Contact us now and get in touch with our experts to understand what we offer and how we can be of help to you.

Future Predictions

Looking ahead, the future of US-China trade relations remains uncertain. Several factors will shape the direction of this trade conflict:

Ongoing Negotiations and Trade Agreements

There is always the possibility that new negotiations between the US and China could resolve the trade conflict. Both countries will likely continue negotiating to reach a compromise that addresses the core issues, including intellectual property protection, technology transfers, and trade imbalances.

However, given the political climate and the significant economic interests at play, it is unclear how these negotiations will unfold.

Diversification of Supply Chains

Due to the tariffs and ongoing trade tensions, many businesses are looking to diversify their supply chains away from China. This trend could continue as companies seek to mitigate the risks associated with tariffs and geopolitical instability.

While Southeast Asia, South America, and Africa are rising as alternative sourcing hubs, the United Kingdom is also becoming an increasingly attractive option, especially for manufacturers targeting Western markets. With its stable trade environment, strong industrial capabilities, and exemption from recent U.S. tariffs on Chinese goods, the UK offers a dependable, long-term solution for companies restructuring their global supply chains.

As a UK-based precision manufacturer, Kirmell supports this transition by providing high-quality component production, engineering expertise, and trusted supply chain partnerships for international businesses. Contact us now for more information and to start your supply chain network in the UK.

Technological Competition

One key area of competition between the US and China is technology. Both countries are vying for dominance in cutting-edge fields like artificial intelligence, quantum computing, and 5G technology.

This competition will likely continue influencing trade policies as both countries seek to secure their technological futures. The US may continue to restrict Chinese tech companies, while China may respond with measures to safeguard its technological ambitions.

Conclusion

The reciprocal tariffs between the US and China in 2025 have created significant challenges for both countries and the global economy. These tariffs continue a long-standing trade conflict between the two nations.

As companies navigate growing trade complexities, many are turning to more stable and tariff-friendly markets like the United Kingdom. For businesses looking to establish a presence in the UK, Kirmell offers tailored support through precision manufacturing, supply chain partnerships, and engineering expertise, helping global firms strengthen operations and meet industrial demand with confidence. Check out our brochure for more details and information.

Kirmell: Supporting Manufacturers in the UK

For manufacturers seeking to reduce exposure to high-risk trade zones, Kirmell provides comprehensive support for strengthening supply chains and expanding into the UK market.

With the UK exempt from recent high US-China tariff escalations and offering a stable, business-friendly environment, Kirmell enables global businesses to operate more strategically through high-quality manufacturing, engineering expertise, trained workers, and reliable supply partnerships. Contact us today to learn more or speak with our team.

FAQ’s

What is the China-US trade war and why did it start?

The China-US trade war began in 2018 when the US imposed tariffs on Chinese goods to address trade imbalances and unfair trade practices. It escalated through 2025 with reciprocal tariffs from both sides.

What are China’s tariffs on US goods in 2025?

China imposed tariffs on US goods, including 15% on coal and LNG, 10% on agricultural machinery, crude oil, and consumer goods, and a 125% tariff on all US imports, effective 12 April 2025.

What sectors are most affected by China's tariffs on US goods?

China’s tariffs have heavily impacted several key sectors of US goods. Agriculture, particularly soybeans, pork, and cotton, has seen a sharp decline in exports to China. Additionally, industries such as technology, energy, and automobiles have faced challenges as tariffs have made US products more expensive and less competitive in China’s market.

How can Kirmell help companies enter the UK market?

Kirmell provides expert support for manufacturers and exporters looking to shift operations or establish new supply chains in the UK. Services include market entry consulting, industrial setup, regulatory guidance, and B2B matchmaking. Learn more at our website.

What are the long-term effects of China’s tariffs on US trade relations?

The long-term effects of China’s tariffs on US goods include ongoing trade disruptions, higher prices for consumers, and potential shifts in global supply chains. Many companies are now exploring alternative markets and suppliers to avoid the volatility of the China-US trade conflict.

Exploring the Impact of US Tariffs on Manufacturing in China 2025

15 April 2025/0 Comments/in Uncategorised/by Bilal

In 2025, the United States significantly escalated its trade measures against China, imposing a series of tariffs that will profoundly impact Chinese manufacturing. These tariffs, coupled with China’s strategic responses, have reshaped the global manufacturing landscape.

This article explains the details about the specifics of the US tariffs, their repercussions on China’s manufacturing sector, and the strategies China is employing to mitigate its reliance on the US market.

What Are Tariffs?

Tariffs are extra charges or taxes that a government puts on products that come from another country. This means when something is imported such as clothes, electronics, or toys from outside the country, the business bringing it in has to pay extra money to the government.

For example, if a company in the US buys phones from China to sell in American stores, the US government might charge a fee on each phone. This fee is the tariff. The company usually adds this cost to the price, so customers end up paying more.

Governments use tariffs for different reasons. Sometimes, they protect local businesses by making foreign products more expensive, which may encourage people to buy local products instead.

What Are US Tariffs on China?

Tariffs have been a core tool in the US’s trade approach toward China, targeting issues like trade deficits and intellectual property theft. In 2018 President Trump initiated the trade war, citing unfair trade practices and intellectual property theft.

In 2025, under President Trump’s second term, the US imposed steep new tariffs. Starting with 10% on all Chinese imports in February, they rose to 20% in March, followed by dramatic sector-specific hikes in April, reaching a cumulative 145% on some goods.

Here is the summary of the tariffs announced by the US on China:

Date	Sector	Tariffs	Total Tariffs
2018	Solar panels, washing machines, steel, aluminium, electronics	10%-50%	Up to 50%
2025 February	All Chinese Imports	10%	10%
2025 March	All Chinese Imports	20%	30%
2025 April (Start)	High Tech (Electronics, Semi-conductors)	34%	64%
2025 April (Mid)	All Imports (universal), Pharmaceuticals (planned)	10% universal, 54% effective on China	145%

Read more details about these tariffs at this link.

Key Elements of US Tariffs on China in 2025

On April 2, 2025, President Donald Trump declared ‘Liberation Day,’ announcing a comprehensive tariff regime. Subsequently, on April 8, the administration increased tariffs on Chinese imports to a cumulative 145%, significantly impacting various sectors. The US tariffs on China include:

10% Universal Tariff: Applied broadly to all Chinese imports.
54% Reciprocal Tariff on Chinese Goods: This additional tariff is specifically aimed at Chinese goods that are perceived to be unfairly priced or subsidized. It includes categories like electronics, textiles, and more.
Additional Sector-Specific Tariffs: Sector-specific tariffs are targeted import taxes applied only to goods from certain industries or sectors rather than uniformly across all products. Like various sectors, such as solar panels, machinery, and certain technology items
Intellectual Property Tariffs: Section 301 tariffs also continue to penalize Chinese goods that are believed to be benefiting from intellectual property theft or forced technology transfers.

These tariffs reflect a larger strategy to reduce China’s trade surplus, shift global supply chains, and limit China’s technological and manufacturing influence worldwide.

Note: The tariffs on UK goods are significantly lower than those on Chinese imports. As of April 2025, Chinese products face up to 145% tariffs, while UK goods generally face only 10%, with 25% on steel, aluminum, and vehicles. This makes the UK a strategic, low-tariff alternative for manufacturing businesses looking to reduce import costs.

Immediate Effects of Tariffs on China’s Manufacturing Sector

The effects of these tariffs on China’s manufacturing industry will be substantial, no doubt about that. Below are the most significant immediate impacts that were observed in 2025 recently:

Export Decline

One of the tariffs’ most direct impacts will be the decline in China’s exports to the US. Many

Analysts projected that China’s exports to the US would decrease by as much as 30% over the next few years and cut overall exports by 4.5%. With the tariff increase to 145% in April, these projections may be further exacerbated.

Economic Growth Challenges

China’s economy, which had previously grown at impressive rates, began to show signs of slowdown due to the tariffs. The manufacturing sector, which forms the backbone of China’s economic growth, was particularly hard-hit. The tariffs were anticipated to drag China’s GDP growth down by 1 to 2 percentage points in 2025, underscoring the severity of the economic impact.

Supply Chain Disruptions

Chinese factories relying on US components face rising costs and delays. Shifting operations to countries like Vietnam and Malaysia hasn’t helped much, as new US tariffs now extend to those regions, too.

Economic Impacts on Chinese Manufacturers

The immediate impact of the renewed tariffs in 2025 on Chinese manufacturers has been significant. The steep US levies, now totaling 145%, severely squeeze the profit margins of Chinese exporters, forcing difficult adjustments.

Many exporters cannot easily absorb these tariffs without raising prices or cutting costs, which threatens their competitiveness in the US market.

As reported by Reuters, Chinese firms have reacted by scrambling to reduce expenses and reconfigure operations. For instance, a Chinese factory owner producing cast-iron bathtubs reported he “laid off some employees, reduced management costs, and cut down on various expenses” in early 2025 to cope with shrinking foreign orders.

Some Chinese companies tried relocating production to other countries to evade US tariffs, a strategy that accelerated during the trade war and continued after 2018. For example, manufacturers opened factories in Vietnam, Malaysia, and elsewhere to ship tariff-free to the US. However, the new US trade measures in 2025, including “worldwide” tariffs, undercut this strategy.

Which Products Will Become Expensive Due to US Tariffs on China?

Many key US industries rely heavily on Chinese imports, and some of these will be highly affected by these new tariffs, which will make their products even more expensive for consumers:

Manufacturing: Heavy Machinery and Automobiles

Manufacturers are among the industries most affected by tariffs, especially those relying on imported components. Automobiles, heavy machinery, and consumer electronics are extremely dependent on global supply chains, making them highly vulnerable to tariff increases.

For Chinese manufacturers aiming to pivot and secure more stable operations outside of U.S.-China trade routes, Kirmell offers dedicated support through its Manufacturing and Industrial Services. Specializing in precision engineering, Kirmell provides services such as presswork, fabrication, CNC machining, laser cutting, and welding.

By partnering with Kirmell, businesses can enhance their supply chain resilience and establish a reliable presence in the UK market. Contact us now for more information.

Electronics like iPhones and TVs

Since the vast majority of iPhones are still manufactured in China, the 54% reciprocal tariff means that products manufactured there and imported into the United States will be more expensive than before.

Agriculture

Agricultural products are one of the most important markets for US products, but China retaliated against US tariffs by imposing its duties on them, significantly reducing demand.

The retaliatory tariffs drastically reduced sales of soybeans in the United States, which rely heavily on exports to China.

According to the American Soybean Association, soybeans will face a 60% tariff in China starting next week, double what they faced during the 2018 trade war.

Kirmell: Your Gateway to the UK Market

If you’re a Chinese manufacturer or global business impacted by the new U.S. tariffs, Kirmell can support your supply chain needs with dependable, UK-based industrial services.

What Kirmell Offers:

Precision Manufacturing Services – Presswork, laser cutting, CNC machining, and fabrication tailored to your specifications
Supply Chain Partnership – Connect with a trusted UK partner to source high-quality components and ensure production continuity
Prototype & Development Support – Access rapid prototyping, tooling, and engineering services to bring products to market faster
Export-Focused Capabilities – ISO 9001:2015 certified manufacturing with reliable lead times and experience serving international clients

Visit Kirmell’s official website to connect with experts, or fill out our Contact Us form to start a consultation.

Conclusion

The US tariffs imposed on Chinese goods in 2025 will have a profound effect on China’s manufacturing sector. With diminished access to the US market, increased competition in global markets, and the threat of economic slowdown, Chinese manufacturers are facing considerable challenges.

Yet, this shift has opened doors for forward-thinking businesses. With the UK exempt from new tariffs, manufacturers can explore new opportunities with support from partners like Kirmell, offering a roadmap to resilience and international expansion in an evolving trade landscape.

FAQ’s

What are the current US tariffs on Chinese goods?

The current US tariffs on Chinese goods vary depending on the product category. Many Chinese imports are subject to tariffs ranging from 7.5% to 25%, particularly items listed under Section 301 trade actions.

How much is the tariff on Chinese goods in 2025?

As of April 2025, tariffs on Chinese goods remain active under Section 301. Most goods now face a cumulative tariff of 145%, though some consumer products like electronics or clothing may still be subject to lower rates around 7.5%. For the latest rates, always check the U.S. Harmonized Tariff Schedule.

Are there alternative markets to the US for Chinese manufacturers?

Yes. The UK stands out as a stable alternative, especially since it is exempt from the 2025 US tariffs. Partnering with firms like Kirmell can help Chinese exporters enter the UK market smoothly and continue scaling their operations.

What are the current UK tariffs on Chinese goods?

The UK maintains its own independent tariff system post-Brexit, known as the UK Global Tariff (UKGT). For most goods, the UK applies low and stable tariffs, often between 0% and 10%, depending on the product category. This makes the UK an attractive and cost-effective market for Chinese manufacturers facing steep US duties.

Is the UK affected by the 2025 US-China trade war tariffs?

No. The UK is not involved in the US-China tariff escalations of 2025 and is exempt from the new 145% cumulative US tariffs applied on China. This has made it a preferred destination for businesses seeking a stable and tariff-friendly market to export their goods.

How Welding Works?

Different Types of Welding

1. MIG Welding (Metal Inert Gas Welding)

2. TIG Welding (Tungsten Inert Gas Welding)

3. Stick Welding (SMAW – Shielded Metal Arc Welding)

4. Flux-Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)

5. Laser Beam Welding (LBW)

6. Ultrasonic Welding

Conclusion

Kirmell’s Welding & Manufacturing Services

FAQs

Which welding method is best for beginners?

What is the safest welding process?

How hot is a welding arc?

What types of welding services does Kirmell offer?

What Are the US Tariffs?

Impact on UK Heavy Manufacturing

Steel Industry

Aluminum

Automotive Sector

Impact on Other UK Industries

CNC Machining and Metal Presswork: Rising Costs, Shrinking Margins

Recommendations for UK Manufacturers

Diversify Export Destinations

Invest in Domestic Supply Chains

How Can Kirmell Help UK Manufacturers?

Conclusion

FAQ’s

How will US tariffs affect UK manufacturing in 2025?

What industries in UK manufacturing are most impacted by US tariffs?

How can EU alternatives help UK manufacturers deal with US tariffs?

How can Kirmell Ltd help UK manufacturers mitigate the impact of US tariffs?

What is the future of UK manufacturing in 2025?

What is Laser Cutting?

How Many Types of Lasers Are Used in Manufacturing?

CO2 Lasers

Fibre Lasers

Diode Lasers

Neutron-doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Nd:YAG)

Types of Laser Cutting Machines

2D Laser Cutting Machines

3D Laser Cutting Machines

Tube Laser Cutting Machines

How Does a Laser Cutting Machine Work?

The Laser Source

Beam Delivery System

Material Interaction

CNC-Controlled Movements

What Metal Materials Can Be Cut by Laser Cutting Machines?

Mild Steel (Carbon Steel)

Stainless Steel

Aluminum

Copper

Brass

Limitations of Laser Cutting

Initial Investment Costs

Material-Specific Challenges

Thickness Constraints

Maintenance Requirements

Safety Concerns

Laser Cutting Solutions by Kirmell

Conclusion

FAQ’s

What materials can be cut using laser cutting machines?

What is the difference between CO2 and fibre lasers?

How precise is laser cutting compared to traditional cutting methods?

Is laser cutting suitable for mass production?

What are the safety precautions for using laser cutting machines?

Why China Introduced New Tariffs?

How do These Tariffs Indirectly Affect the EU?

Supply Chain Disruptions

Increased Competition from Diverted Chinese Exports

Logistics and Transportation Costs

Slower Investment and Rising Uncertainty

What Can EU Countries Do in Response to China’s Tariffs?

Strengthen Trade Agreements Beyond the U.S. and China

Promote Intra-EU Supply Chains

Invest in Strategic Sectors

Engage in Active Diplomacy

Support SMEs and Local Industries